Code Of Ethics And Ethical Guidelines - 1547 Words

Code of Ethics and Ethical Guidelines There are many ethical codes and guidelines a supervisor should follow. One of the most important ethical codes refers to competency. The American Counseling Association (2014) and the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) (2011) both reiterate the importance of competency professionally as a counselor and supervisor. Counselors are only to practice within their scope of competence. This is based on the counselor’s education, training, experience, and credentials (ACA, 2014). This includes experience and training as a supervisor. The ACES (2011) stated supervisors should only provide supervision for supervisees and clients that fall within their scope of training and expertise. The supervisor should be continually engaged in education to ensure continually competency (ACES, 2011). Competency is important because acting outside one’s level of competency puts the supervisor’s career at risk, can harm the su pervisee, harm the client, and raise liability issues. Ethical guidelines, while essential to follow, can also present challenges to supervisors. Gatekeeping is an ethical guideline that will present a challenge. ACA (2014) explained gatekeeping as continually evaluating supervisees and having an understanding of their limitations that impede their abilities (F.6.b). If necessary, gatekeeping can lead to remedial assistance or dismissal (ACA, 2014). Dismissal would be challenging for me as a supervisor. While itShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the tran sition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at different levelsRead MoreThe Nurse s Code Of Ethics1022 Words   |  5 Pageshas a code of ethics, that sets standards and guidelines that are set in place to protect both the professional and the client. Ethics play a key role in day to day business. This paper will discuss the nurse’s code of ethics, the advantages and disadvantages, and difficulties that the author may have following the established code. This paper will also discuss whether or not there are rules that have too much emphasis on them, and rules that do not. The nurse’s code of ethics was draftedRead MoreCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and1500 Words   |  6 PagesCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and beliefs of an organization. A code of ethics clarifies to employees what the company stands for and its expectations for employee conduct (Daft, 2013). A well-written code is a true commitment to responsible business practices in that it outlines specific procedures to handle ethical failures. Within the research enterprise, the code of ethics ensures that research projects involving human subjects areRead MoreANA Code of Ethics1214 Words   |  5 PagesANA Code of Ethics Introduction In the field of nursing, the ANA Code of Ethics is designed to provide specific bylaws that will influence the practices of health care professionals inside the industry. However, there are different advocacy campaigns that will have an impact on how it is interpreted and applied. In the case of advocacy for population health, these issues mean that there could be moral dilemmas faced in the process (most notably: lifestyle choices and their impact on the individual)Read MoreEthical Case Study Of The Case Of James A 25 Years Old Caucasian Female Intern1539 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Case Study Analysis Paper In the case study of James a 25 years old Caucasian male intern counseling student, who is interning with the college counseling center at a local university, James have nine months left upon graduation; he admits to having no clinical experience and no experience working with diversity groups. During James internship arrival he recognized a familiar face that was identified as his ex-friend who he has not seen in years and she is the clinical supervisor for theRead MoreEthics And Its Impact On Society1281 Words   |  6 Pagesunemployment, and losing faith in the status quo, including political (government) leadership (Hasel, 2013). In modern times, ethics in government have become not only something of great public interest, but also an important area of study in the academic fields of politics and government. Ethics refers to the study of right and wrong behaviors (Makenricko, 2007). Ethics means weighing carefully the actions to be undertaken through the compliance prism of a set of values and standards defined atRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Ottawa Hospital Board1518 Words   |  7 Pagesrecognition of ethical issues, risk of ethical conflicts, and put into practice ethical decision-making as it applies to and aligns with the mission, vision and values of The Ottawa Hospital (Appendix1)1. The objective is to provide guidelines, ethical tools and resources. Board members can work with and build upon these to develop an ethics protocol of ‘best practices’ that addresses their needs. Once fully developed they should feel enabled to proactively identify ethical issues, risk of ethical issuesRead MoreEthics Comparison839 Words   |  4 PagesCode of Ethics Analysis Paper This paper compares and contrast codes of ethics as addressed by the American Counseling Association and the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC). The main difference that one sees is that the AACC is bases its ethical codes primarily on biblical principles. According to the AACC ¸ â€Å"the code is a comprehensive, detailed, and integrative synthesis of biblical, clinical, systemic, ethical, and legal formation† (AACC Code of Ethics, 2004). Whereas theRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics And Ethics975 Words   |  4 Pagesrespective code of ethics when they feel guidance is necessary. As a counselor, regardless of our specific track, we may find ourselves referring to the American Counseling Association’s (ACA) Code of Ethics (2014). I feel the existence of a code of ethics provides the necessary guidelines and justification when things are ambiguous. It serves the purpose of keeping things under control and within limits by minimizing the amount of harm r eceived by any party. As the counselor, this set of guidelines providesRead MoreSocial Care Environment: Ethical Practice Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesWhen working in a social care environment, ethical practice plays a major part in every aspect of your work. This essay will explain what ethical practise is, how it affects the social care industry, and some examples as to how it could play an important role in daily work. Ethical practise is difficult to properly define. â€Å"Caseworkers, supervisors, and other staff should be guided by an overarching set of ethical standards that inform their decision-making and conduct when working with children

Review S - 2498 Words

Nicholas McPherson February 7, 2016 Week Three Study Questions Chapter 11 2. Define the Deuteronomist History, and describe its principle themes. - It is generally agreed that the Deuteronomist history originated independently of the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers, and the history of the books of Chronicles; most of scholars followed all the way back or most of it to the Babylonian exile, and put it with people rewording of both the Tetrateuch and Jeremiah. The principles of Deuteronomy are that Israel must follow the Law, and gain God’s blessing or ignore it, get cursed, and be forced out of their homeland by Israel’s enemies. 4. In the book of Joshua, how is Joshua presented as the successor of Moses? Compare†¦show more content†¦Scholars often divide the judges into two groups, the â€Å"major† judges those about whom there are more or less extended narratives and the â€Å"minor judges who are treated briefly. The areas of the five â€Å"minor† judges, Tola and Jair (10.1-5) are only sketched, but in contrast to the terms of most of the major judges they each â€Å"judged Israel† for a precise number of years twenty-three, twenty-two, seven, ten, and eight respectively. The structure was geographical more than ethnic. Most tribes had their own fairly stable territory. 3. What was the role of Yahweh in the period of the judges according to the Deuteronomy Historians? - According to the historians the role of Yahweh in the judges was the cause of problems Israelites had because they has abandoned Yahweh to worship Baal. Faithfulness and loyalty to Yahweh was rewarded with success for the Israelites, and forgetfulness o Yahweh was punished with failure. Yahweh was looked at as a god of the fathers during the period of Judges. In the eyes of Yahweh the Israelites acted wickedly, abandoning him, which angered him. Yahweh seems to be a part of Deuteronomy cycle, where the Israelites turn away from Yahweh an enemy oppresses Israel so that Israel cries for help and Yahweh sends a judge to deliver Israel. Chapter 13 1. How do theShow MoreRelatedReview Of  « Accor Group s Environmental Footprint1506 Words   |  7 Pages1/4 Critical review of  « ACCOR Group’s environmental footprint - November 2011 » report, prepared for ACCOR by PwC Background In August 2011, Bleu Safran and Beyond Green Travel were commissioned by ACCOR to undertake a critical review of the study â€Å"ACCOR Group’s environmental footprint† prepared by PwC for ACCOR. The expert panel was formed of the following reviewers: – Costas Christ, one of the world s leading sustainable tourism experts, CEO and founder of Beyond Green Travel (www.beyondgreentravelRead MoreReview Of V. C. B. L. T. S. Ramachandran ( B )1465 Words   |  6 PagesFor as long as he can remember, V. S. Ramachandran (b. 1951) has been fascinated by any kind of strange phenomenon in nature. As narrated in chapter 1 (see here), at a very young age he began collecting seashells from beaches near his home in Madras. In researching the subject, his attention was drawn to the most peculiar varieties of seashells, such as the carnivorous murex. Soon he added these unusual specimens to his collection. As he got older, he transferred this interest to abnormal phenomenaRead MoreChapter 4 : Terms Of Opinion Mining2504 Words   |  11 PagesDATA SOURCE A DATA SOURCE is a review site i where reviews are posted by people about businesses, products, or services. These sites can use Web 2.0 techniques to collect reviews from social site users or may have professional writers to give their reviews on the current topic or the product or anything else that is in news. Commonly used review sites includes Epinions.com, Twitter and Amazon.com. etc. Review sites are mostly supported by advertising. 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Goldratt was published in 1994 by The North River Press Publishing Company, Massachusetts. It’s Not luck is a sequel to The Goal that follows the fictitious character, Alex Rogo, from becomingRead MoreFeatures Of Writing A Review At A Professional Standard2023 Words   |  9 Pages Regardless of the object being reviewed, there are a number of essential features of writing a review at a professional standard. This essay will examine each of those features with reference to two reviews of films which explore a specific theme. Firstly, however, the meaning of the term ‘professional standard’ must be established. There are standards that all professions must follow. These are to do with ethics and values. At the very least, standardsRead MoreDevry Eng 112 All Week Discussions2386 Words   |  10 Pagesto areas of the text and noting both page and paragraph numbers.) Getting Started Writing (graded) Drawing on one of the strategies for writing introductions outlined in your text or the lecture, post a draft of your introductory paragraph(s) as your first post. Then, throughout the week, reply to your classmates with feedback on their introductory paragraphs. Note how or why week 3 discussion ive Messages (graded) What makes an ad succeed or flop? Think about specific print or televisionRead MoreReview Of Rowling s 1154 Words   |  5 PagesRowling s use of ...own merits indicates her desire to take a step back from the pressures of expectations piled upon her by society and from publishers. While Ms. Rowling s experience was the opposite of Thelonious Monk s, it reveals the pressure for an author to change their identity to fit a particular genre can be overwhelming, regardless of the level of respect one has earned in the literary world. 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Tuesday, he named his belly and face as being what he liked best about himself. He drew a picture of lines and circles with chalk. On Wednesday, he made circles and lines for his family. He named everyone in his household, including the baby in his mother’s

Integrated Sustainable Design In Quadrant †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Integrated Sustainable Design In Quadrant. Answer: Introduction An integrated approach that entails analyzing various parameters in an established system using the four-quadrant method namely: personal experience (in the first quadrant); performance in the second quadrant; System context in the third quadrant and lastly, cultural values in the last quadrant. The slides provide a topical discussion where various parameters in each topic are addressed succinctly using the mentioned mapping strategy. Renewable energy Renewable energy technologies are much-talked about these days. Perhaps due to the fact that it so a critical issue that no building design would wish it away. Systematic approach provides a means to effectively use the most efficient renewables: More common ones are solar and wind technologies Suitable for such dwellings as return on investment Requires proper management to harness the benefits Supports other services like water supply that require powering hence a determinant for the creation and maintenance of a sustainable environment Water systems Fundamentally, regardless of the source, must ensure that there is efficient use as such factors as energy use may depend on it To ensure a sustainable balance in the use and waste water, derive the daily consumption regime Alternative sources of water supply a part from the local council, could be from rainwater and underground water Storm water and sewerage management must support sustainable water use and reuse Also waste water especially from wet areas must effectively be recovered hence treatment plants to be accommodated within the premises Comfort and low energy conditioning systems This is achieved by combining the peripheral norms; inner lounges, the u-shaped plan; distinctive scenes such as the basement parking area among others Public realm must be pronounced as a means to boost the social presence of the building The ground plan activation is provided where student experience is boosted. Therefore, proximity to other social amenities such as library, city and building lobby are the hallmark of social comfort and conditioning systems Low energy conditions are made possible by ensuring design supports the natural settings maximumly Climate and Climatic Changes In this case, we look at issues of climate change that may impact negatively or positively on the design of the building. Among the parameters that are directly affected by climate change include: Drainage is a major parameter in this case. We know that climatic conditions can have serious ramifications on the building if not properly done. Unfortunately, sometimes this has been a bit shaky to perfectly implement as changing climatic conditions become more unpredictable. Therefore, in instituting cultural values, positive mitigation plans are needed to ensure less impacts is extended to the building once completed. Mapping of the climatic zones can be done on a regular basis so as to comprehend the changing patterns. This therefore takes us to the data reliance. Building Envelopes Cladding materials are used in order to ensure that there is interior privacy and safety while ensuring the building faade and aesthetics inter-link with the natural settings Cladding materials selection must be in tandem with the basic requirement that performance should be beyond reproach This must be considered based on the functionality of the building Building envelopes must support features such as: security; safety and social interaction Recommendation On the missed opportunities The I.S.D implementation must be both process and result oriented Employ clear quantitative as well as qualitative methodologies to establish best rating performance for the building. In fact, most of the assessment is analytical making it harder to establish a competent rating system Combine all the facets involved to ensure a sustainable building design and development Future success The approach is more aligned to the emerging issues as it tends to address them both as a standalone and in combination with others. Hence it can be used to help with establishing and amending systems to conform with the emerging trends like climate change

Ptlls Ass 1 free essay sample

Understanding your own role and responsibilities in Lifelong Learning * Explain your role within lifelong learning and summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice, relating to you and your role. When considering the role of a Lifelong Learning teacher a good place to start is the teaching and learning cycle. There are five stages to the teaching and learning cycle: identifying needs; planning learning; facilitating learning; assessing learning; and evaluating. My role as a teacher includes identifying needs, which is done through an initial assessment. The typical way to identify needs as an assessor is to ask the learner to fill out a needs assessment form at the start of the course. The form could include anything that would be relevant to the teacher to ensure that there are no barriers to learning and that the learner has equal access to learning. For example, information on the learner’s previous educational achievements, current learning level, functional skills tests, any disabilities, or any specific needs (such as availability) should be gathered during the identifying needs stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Ptlls Ass 1 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the initial assessment, the teacher can identify each learners needs and ensure that these are incorporated into the planning stage of the cycle. The planning stage includes ensuring the health and safety of learners by carrying out a risk assessment and completing appropriate schemes of work and lessons plans, including any allowances for learner needs identified in the initial assessment. Lesson plans must also include aims and objectives and activities and assessments that will ensure these are met. Having sound plans in place ensure that the teacher is well prepared with all of the necessary equipment and resources required to meet learner needs. A good teacher will continually return to their plan, adjusting it to meet the needs of learners as they progress through the course. With a thorough plan, facilitating learning will be a much easier task for the teacher. It’s the teacher’s role to ensure that they treat each learner equally and fairly. The teacher must also ensure that learners treat each other with  respect – ice breakers and ground rules help to address and challenge any inappropriate behaviour. A good teacher will facilitate learning using a variety of approaches and resources to meet the planned aims and objectives and learner needs. The teacher should also embed functional skills in the lesson. A vital role of the teacher is to assess whether learning has taken place. This should be done at the end of the course (summative) and periodically throughout each stage or lesson (formative). The teacher uses assessment to check that the planned aims and objectives have been met. Assessment activities can include observation, assignments, question and answer, and witness testimony. If learning has not taken place, the teacher must revisit the objective either individually or as a group. It’s a good idea to have ‘plan b’ activities prepared to try a different approach, just in case learning doesn’t take place the first time around. When the course is over, it’s the teacher’s role to gain feedback from the learners in order to reflect on and evaluate their teaching methods, approaches, and resources. The teacher should make changes and improvements where necessary. Another important aspect of the teacher’s role is ensuring that they adhere to legislative requirements (law) and any codes of practice that might have been set by an awarding body or their employer. The key pieces of legislation and codes of practice that apply to my role include: * Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) – risk assessment * The Data Protection Act (2003) – safe storage and use of data to protect learner from any security breaches * Every Child Matters (ECM) – lesson plans should indicate opportunities where the five outcomes can be met * The Human Right Act (1998) – need to consider issues of equality, diversity, and inclusion * Safeguarding – have a duty to report any action that could cause serious harm to a learner or another person * Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) (1995) – need to consider issues of equality. Awarding body and employer codes of practice, policies, and procedures * Explain how you would identify and meet the needs of your learners whilst promoting equality and valuing diversity within your role I would identify the needs of my learners by using an initial assessment. I would take any needs identified in the initial assessment into account when planning learning to include a range of activities to meet differing levels,  a range of approaches and resources to meet different learning styles, and taking into consideration any learner disabilities or potential challenges. In order to promote inclusion in the classroom I would ensure that I treat all learners equally by not favouring learners or identifying any disabilities or protected characteristics in front of other learners. I would value diversity by drawing on each leaner’s experiences to contribute to rich and varied group discussions. For example, a quick initial assessment to see if any learners have prior kn owledge will enable me to draw on their experiences to help their peers. 2. Understanding relationships between teachers/trainers and other professionals in Lifelong Learning. Explain the boundaries between the teaching role and other professional roles and summarise your own responsibilities in relation to other professionals The teacher must understand where their role (in cases where they are not qualified to support the learner), their own limitations, and when to refer a learner to another qualified professional. In relation to other professionals, it is my responsibility to know who to refer the learner to or where I can find appropriate information for the learner, I must observe learner confidentiality at all times and only personally refer the learner to other professionals nominated under codes of practice (otherwise I must direct the learner to the source of help), I have a responsibility to report safeguarding issues to the police or another qualified professional, and I must observe data protection legislation at all times when referring learners. I also need to cooperate and communicate effectively with other professionals to ensure that the learner’s needs are met. * Describe the points of referral you may use to meet the learner’s needs Support teachers within the institution – many colleges have support teachers who would be able to assist learners with dyslexia or with language issues that are creating barriers to learning. I would be able to directly refer the learner to a support teacher if I thought that it would aid learning. Citizens Advice Bureau – learners often experience barriers to learning and motivation if they have legal or financial stresses in their personal life, which will need to be overcome if learning is to take place. The Citizens Advice Bureau offers free legal advice on financial and other issues. I would not be able to directly refer the learner to the Citizens Advice Bureau, but it is my responsibility to hold contact information or know where it can be sought. Childcare providers – again, a learner with childcare issues may experience barriers to learning. I would not directly refer the learner to a childcare provider (unless they were within a college or educational institution) but I have a responsibility to advise the learner on where they can find access to child care advice and guidance. 3. Understanding own responsibility for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment. Explain how you are responsible for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment within your role and ways that you would promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others To provide a safe supportive environment, the teacher must ensure that the learners’ needs are met in line with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The teacher must ensure that they can meet the learners’ basic needs of food, water, breaks, and hygienic toilet facilities. Then they must address the safety of the learning environment by carrying out a risk assessment. Part of the planning stage, the risk assessment should be completed for every course or lesson in line with Health and Safety at work Act (1974) (HASAWA) requirements and continually reviewed and updated (along with any safe work method statements). The teacher must know how to complete a dynamic risk assessment in case resources or the environment changes after they have completed the initial risk assessment. Facilitating icebreakers is an important part of the teacher role in order to create and maintain a supportive environment where learners feel a sense of belonging. Ground rules are also an important part of respecting each other and underpin appropriate behaviour. Finally, assessment and feedback will help to increase learner confidence and responsibility for learning to help learners achieve their ultimate goals. Word count: 1294 (not including questions) Bibliography Gravells, A.

Kyrgyzstan Essays - Kyrgyzstan, Republics, Post-Soviet States

Kyrgyzstan Essays - Kyrgyzstan, Republics, Post-Soviet States Kyrgyzstan The collapse of the Soviet Union created 15 new states. These states over the last 5 years have all struggled with economic, ethnic, political and territorial problems left to them by the Soviet empire. Kyrgyzstan, is a former Soviet Republic (FSR) located in the Central Asia. This paper will give a statistical representation of the state, Kyrgyzstan. The statistical data will reflect the basic geography of the subject country containing population, size and location. This miniature report will also contain brief descriptions of current political and economic situations. Included in the current information section of this report, is an outlook for possible near future events concerning both political stability and economy. Kyrgyzstan is located in the southern area of the former Soviet Union. Its boarders are defined by China to the east (& South), Kazakhstan to the north (& Northwest), Uzbekistan directly west and Tajikistan to the south (Kyrgyzstan features 76,641 square miles of land, which consisted of .9% of the former USSR's land-mass. The land is primarily used for pastoral purposes. Only 7% of the farmable land is cultivated. The population is approximated to be 4,258,000 people (see Figure A). The Kyrgyzstan populace has experienced a 25.3% growth in population during the last 12 years (Population Growth Data from 1979-1991), and a birthrate at 29.1/1000. Population distribution is 61.9% in rural areas and 38.1% in urban centers. City & Population The top 4 cities are: Bishkek (formally Frunze) 616,000 (Capitol) Osh 213,000 Przhevalsk 64,000 Naryn 26,000 In June of 1990 ethnic violence arose in the city of Oh. Kyrgyz clashed with Uzbeks resulting in a bloody conflict which was eventually suppressed by Soviet Interior Ministry troops. This clash outlined political and economic problems present in Kyrgyzstan even when the USSR was still existent. These ethnic clashes in Oh served to cement political groups who were organizing outside of the communist party during Perestroika. It also gave voice to the large economic problems in central Kyrgyzstan. The "head of state" and leader of the communist party in Kyrgyzstan was Absamat Masaliev. Masaliev invoked policies which were rigid and served to enhance the existing social problems. Because of the decline present in the government's abilities to meet the expectations of the populace, the allowances granted by the Perestroika police and ethnic tensions, communist authority in Kyrgyzstan was challenged. The communist party's rule came to an end in October of that same year. A liberal democratic reform movement had sweeped the country and Askar Akaev was elected by a coalition vote in the Supreme Soviet (Legislature of Kyrgyzstan), resulting in the removal of Masaliev from the Presidency. Askar Akaev is a liberal politician (former head of the Academy for Sciences) and represented reform in the form of privatization and democracy. The transformation of government from communism to a liberal democracy occurred smoothly without violent uprisings or revolution. However, Akaev has opponents on both sides of the political spectrum. Masaliev, though not the president, is still the head of the communist party and very powerful. On the right, the government has to deal with the potential time bomb of ethnicity and nationalism. The current political agenda for the reform government contains these issues: economic stimulation, development of diplomatic relations with other states, privatization of property, a language purification issue and environmental concerns. These issues are all presently being address and codified in the formation of the new constitution (only economics, privatization of property and industry and language are addressed below). The industrial sector of the Kyrgyzstan economy is primarily owned by residing Russians in the capital, Bishkek. This is a point of contention in the on-going debates of land and industrial privatization between the nationalists and liberals in Kyrgyzstan. Though Kyrgyzstan is primarily an agrarian economy, an alarming amount of tension is present concerning foreign owned industry. Language purification standards are being debated in the Kyrgyz Parliament. In the 1950's the Duma passed a number of resolutions in attempts of transforming Soviet Republic languages by using a Cyrillic based alphabet. The adoption of the Cyrillic alphabet fundamentally changed the Central Asian Turkic based languages. This served in a dual purpose of dividing the Central Asian peoples by accenting their language differences

The following paper will discuss the position that the United States Essay Example

The following paper will discuss the position that the United States Essay Example The following paper will discuss the position that the United States Paper The following paper will discuss the position that the United States Paper One of the most disparaging aspects of the United States is the current situation regarding health care. Unlike all other major nations of the world, the United States does not have universal health care, the health care it does have is over priced, and by many accounts, ineffective. The following paper will discuss the position that the United States’ current health care is not up to the standards that are due as a right of citizenship. The United States health care system needs to change into a universal health care system.   The following paper will highlight aspects of how the current health care in the United States is far from perfect and in what areas it is lacking in providing quality health care to its citizens. American Health Care System America’s current health care system is appalling.  Ã‚   Among the key issues that make this former sentence true are; the current laws regarding the development and pricing of medication, the lack of access of a large section of Americans to quality and necessary health care, the lack of federally subsidized treatment options and the high price placed on health care in general. Each of these areas make it difficult for a citizen to maintain proper health in the United States.   Another major problem regarding health care in the United States is that, while our nation spends more actual dollars on health care, the American public as a whole is less healthy than those nations which spend only a fraction of that amount. One example that highlights the fact of poor health care in the United States is seen in the comparison of the United States with the life expectancy of Japan. While Japan spends an average of about $2000 per person, per year, they see a life expectancy of more than eighty one years. In the year 2000, the United States spent, on average, more than $4500 per person per year, yet only sees an average life expectancy of seventy seven years. This same survey reveals that Cuba, the nation which spent the least amount of money on national health care has an overall life expectancy almost equal to that of the Untied States. In fact, the majority of nations surveyed, all of which spend substantially less than the United States, have substantially higher overall health conditions. (University of California) From these statistics it may be surmised that America’s priority has been elsewhere in regards to universal health care.   These statistics further support the argument that the US should initiate a program of universal health care because of the mortality rate increasing and life expectancy decreasing. This disparity illustrates the problem that faces the United States health care system as well as one of the more popular misconceptions about the cause of its inadequacy. As a nation, the United States spends almost 50% more per person per year than its closest competitor, yet many Americans feel that, not enough is spent. Cost of Health Care as a Detrimental Impetus of Health Care.   s In 2004, the cost of American health care rose 7.9% more than three times the rate of inflation. (NCHC) This brought the total annual cost of American health care to 1.9 trillion tax dollars. This amounts to nearly $6300 per person per year in 2004. The cost of health care has consistently increased each year; however the quality of health care has not seen the same increase. With numbers that reflect this type of increase the citizens of the United States are increasingly becoming aware of their own lack of health care and are wondering where they money is going. As a citizen of the United States proper health care should be innate in the bureaucracy of the system   Although citizens of America should be receiving universal health care there are other problems that stand in the way of this possibility. The lack of insured coverage creates another problem in the United States health care system. Evidence shows that the morality rates for the uninsured in hospital care are worse than that of the insured. (Cutler 32) While the cost per individual increases outside of the ability of the uninsured to pay, they are increasingly forced to carry their burden without or with little aid. Cultural Background of Health Care and Providers The issue of unequal health centers on the morbidity and mortality of Americans.   There is a striking difference between generally healthy Americans and that of Americans whose lifestyle generates a less healthy atmosphere- a staggering difference of thirty years (Maugh, 8 Americas).   This study continues to explain that health in Americans has a great deal to do with race. The prevalent issues of health and race are further highlighted in Maugh’s article 8 Americas; he states that Asian-American women (note that gender is also of relevance) living in New Jersey have an average life expectancy of 91 years.   On the opposite end of the spectrum are Native Americans in South Dakota (here there is no mention of difference in gender) whose life expectancy is an average of 58 years. The variables that are commonly thought of as dominating life expectancy such as available health care centers and insurance, or income are not major components of mortality.   The factors that are more detrimental in regards to mortality rates across the board are â€Å"tobacco, alcohol, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diet and physical inactivity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Maugh). In Maugh’s research the rate of mortality can best be defined as eight separate Americans which are given race, geography and income as their defining factors.   It seems that race and lifestyle have more to do with a person’s outcome of health through their life more so than factors of medical care and genetics. Since cholesterol was a definite factor in mortality rate, the numbers presented on 2002 Death Rates by Race/Ethnicity, have a correlated compliance with these views.   The leading death rate among each group (Black, White, Latino, and Asian) is the heart. Cholesterol is the main contribution to heart attacks because it is through cholesterol that the heart may lose its functioning abilities.   Attention, however, must be drawn to the Asian statistics, that present less than half the numbers of blacks in the same category (Blacks = 308, Asian =135). The spread sheet concerning poverty also presents a valid point, however, the numbers, over a span of thirty years are still not drastic in their differences from 1973-2003.   The recent US trends to healthy living (i.e. the enthusiastic hunt for free of trans-fat foods, low-fat, non-fat, sugar-free etc.) may change the numbers on this graph if current research had been included (up to 2006).

Roman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roman Empire - Essay Example At the same time, there was high inflation at the empire, and its economy was deteriorating. The state was under constant threats of bankruptcy because its inhabitants resisted sharing the empire’s wealth. Large amounts of gold were sent to the orient to cater for luxury goods that led to a decline on the gold available to make coins. Its currency devalued, and people had to return bartering system of trade (â€Å"IHA†). The empire also had heavy military spending. Its constant wars saw the army overstretched, and it started recruiting the conquered barbarians and other foreign mercenaries. The barbarians later joined up with outside forces to fight the empire. At one time, the Roman soldiers were moved to fight in Italy civil wars leaving their borders with little resistance to German mercenaries (â€Å"IHA†). The period ranged approximately 80 BC to 20 AD. During this period, the Latin Language was perfected as a literary medium. Some of the main and outstanding Latin masterpieces were composed during this period. In it, the Ciceronian Period lasted from 70 BC to 42 BC, and was dominated by Marcus Tullius Cicero. The second was between 43 BC and 20 AD named as the Augustan Age. It featured writers such as Livy, Horace, and Virgil (Spielvogel, 152). The period ran from 500 BC to 330 BC. It was a great age for arts and literature. Some of the notable figures in this period were Greek dramatists such as Aristophanes and Euripides. They were also influential poets such as Ovid and Horace (Spielvogel, 89-100). The period was between 800 BC and 500 BC. Literature from this period includes earliest texts that have preserved as manuscripts. The period marked immaturity both in language and art. Poetry dominated the period with notable figures such as Pacuvius, Ennius, and Accius. Literature also drew from the traditions of other communities’ cultures such as Greece (Spielvogel, 67-79). Roman architecture was inspired by